This is an overview of the approach to the workup and treatment of chronic low back pain. After screening for possible serious pathology, if no "red" or "yellow" flags exist, usually the treatment is with simple medications and physical therapy. A prompt resumption of activity is helpful. Comment: this "10 minute consultation" series by the BMJ is an excellent resource for primary care providers. [ bmj.com Samanta et al. 326 (7388): 535 ]